By the time you finish reading this introduction, a law will have been passed somewhere in the world that is technically legal but fundamentally unjust. For instance, if a bill mandating the execution of anyone who spits in a public space were to pass through the Bangladeshi Parliament, it would legally constitute a law, but it would be universally condemned as morally vicious. This leads us to understand interactions between law and morality.

In Bangladesh’s constitutional history, the ‘July Charter’ and the issuance of the July National Charter (Constitutional Reform) Implementation Order, 2025 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Order’) are not mere administrative measures.