Bangladesh’s corn imports shift away from India to Brazil, US

Brazil and the United States have become two key suppliers of corn to Bangladesh’s growing feed industry, as imports from India -- the traditional source -- have declined, according to a recent report by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Bangladesh imported nearly 15 lakh tonnes of corn, also known as maize, in the first 10 months of the marketing year 2025-26 (MY26). Of this, 78 percent came from Brazil, while the remaining 22 percent was supplied by the US and India, with each accounting for 11 percent, the report on Bangladesh’s grain and feed sector, published last week, said.

The report said lower global maize prices encouraged traders and feed producers to import and stockpile large volumes. Bangladesh needs about 70 lakh tonnes of maize annually and imports around 15 lakh tonnes to cover gaps in local production.

“Growth in the poultry, dairy, and aquaculture sectors has increased demand for corn as a key feed ingredient,” the US agency said.

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Another worker dries and gathers maize kernels. The photos were taken recently in Goddimari, Lalmonirhat. PHOTO: S DILIP ROY

India has traditionally been a major supplier of corn to Bangladesh due to competitive prices, efficient logistics and shorter shipping times. However, since 2024, India’s exportable corn surplus has fallen sharply as it expanded corn-based biofuel production. As a result, Brazil has become the leading supplier for Bangladesh.

The report added that Bangladesh imported maize from the US in MY26 for the first time since 2018, after three local feed companies began purchases. This followed an agreement for Bangladesh to increase imports of US agricultural goods under a reciprocal trade deal aimed at reducing a trade deficit of more than $6.2 billion.

Under the deal, the US imposed a 19 percent reciprocal tariff on Bangladesh’s exports, on the condition that Dhaka would increase imports of US goods. The agreement covers wheat, soybeans and soy products, as well as cotton, with a total estimated value of $3.5 billion.

Total maize shipments from the US to Bangladesh reached about 160,000 tonnes in MY26, the USDA said.

The USDA projects that Bangladesh’s maize imports could reach 18 lakh tonnes, which is 27.2 percent higher than its estimate for MY25. However, it has lowered its forecast for MY27 to 17 lakh tonnes due to higher domestic production and larger beginning stocks.

Farmers are expected to harvest about 59 lakh tonnes of maize in MY27, up 1.7 percent from the previous year.

The report added that maize cultivation has expanded in recent years as farmers receive better prices due to strong demand from the local feed industry.

Farmers are prioritising corn because returns are about three times higher than production costs, while input costs are lower than for boro rice and vegetables grown in the same season.