Professor K. Shamsuddin Mahmood

In the administration of justice system, be that criminal or civil, complainants as well as their witnesses perform a very decisive and significant role, since to a great extent dispensation of justice profoundly relies on evidences put forward by them.

Miscarriage of justice leading to wrongful conviction or imprisonment has become an accepted reality across most of the countries embracing common law jurisdiction. Apart from the detrimental effect of a wrongful conviction and imprisonment on an individual person, it is also a glaring example of how criminal justice process or system often fails due to various/(numerous) factors such as, prosecutorial misconduct, false confessions, erroneous eye-witness or testimony, unsound forensic reports or its misuse and so on.

The Greek word 'Nomades' is considered to be source of the English word 'Nomadia' or 'Nomads' (often known as Roma/Gypsies or Sinti depending on places or regions) that signifies a group of people who are used to moving from places to places,

In modern days, justice is administered in accordance with the rule of law and not independently.