Concerns over Bush powers used at Guantanamo

"We will have the equivalent of 'lettres de cachet'," said attorney Eugene Fidell, president of the National Institute of Military Justice, referring to the power of French kings to send critics of the regime at will to the Bastille prison.

The Senate added to a Defence Department budget bill on Thursday, an amendment that would deprive non-US citizens accused of terrorism of the right to seek redress in civil courts.

Republican Senator Lindsey Graham said in defence of his amendment that we should yield nothing to terrorists or to the so-called enemy combatants, a category President George W. Bush has used to avoid holding irregular soldiers as prisoners of war, which would entitle them to protections under the Geneva Conventions.

Graham also stood behind a measure to ban the torture of any prisoner by US personnel, after Vice President Dick Cheney lobbied Congress to allow an exception for the CIA. Graham condemned alleged abuse by CIA agents in the war on terror.

"This war is about tolerance and values, respect for human rights, this war is really about character... If you don't practice what you preach... you're going to tarnish who you are," he said.

The amendment, adopted by 49-42, counters a 2004 Supreme Court decision, which established that the civilian courts were competent to hear cases of Guantanamo prisoners.

It would prevent the high court from deciding on the legality of the military tribunals put in place by the Bush administration to judge prisoners.

The Supreme Court decided last Monday to take the case of Salim Ahmed Hamdan, a former driver to Osama bin Laden and a Yemeni held at the controversial camp at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba since 2002. His lawyers have posed the most serious challenge to the Bush administration so far.